Human papillomavirus (HPV) has long been associated primarily with cervical cancer in women. However, mounting evidence demonstrates that HPV-related health impacts extend significantly to males, including risks of anal, oropharyngeal, and penile cancers. Despite this, vaccination programs in many regions, including the UAE and GCC, continue to primarily target females, highlighting a critical gap in public health strategy. Dr. Oksana Melnyk, Specialist Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, Medcare Women & Children Hospital, answers some questions about the issue.
Cervical cancer is predominantly caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a common sexually transmitted infection. While it primarily affects women by leading to cervical cancer, it’s important to raise awareness that HPV is a virus that does not discriminate by gender. Both men and women can be affected, and understanding its risks, early detection, prevention, and treatment options is critical. Vaccination and regular screenings can prevent the vast majority of HPV-related cancers, which is why spreading awareness is vital.
HPV can significantly affect boys and men. Although the focus is often on cervical cancer in women, the virus can lead to a range of health conditions in males. For instance, HPV is responsible for causing genital warts, which are growths in the genital area. More seriously, it can lead to cancers, such as anal cancer, oropharyngeal cancers (affecting the throat, tonsils, and base of the tongue), and, although rare, penile cancer. The effects of HPV on men can be physically and emotionally challenging, underscoring the importance of recognising it as a shared health issue.
Are there common misconceptions about HPV in boys and men?
Certainly. One of the most common misconceptions is that HPV is a “women’s issue” because of its link to cervical cancer. However, the virus can also cause cancers and other complications in men. Another misconception is that vaccinating girls alone is enough to control HPV transmission. While vaccinating girls is crucial, boys must also be vaccinated to provide comprehensive protection and reduce the overall spread of the virus. Many parents and even some healthcare providers are unaware of these facts, which is why education is essential.
Why is it important to raise awareness about HPV affecting boys?
Raising awareness about the impact of HPV on boys is crucial for several reasons. First, it ensures that boys themselves are protected from HPV-related cancers and conditions. Second, it helps break the cycle of transmission, as vaccinated individuals are far less likely to spread the virus to others. Third, it addresses gender bias in health discussions, ensuring that HPV prevention is recognised as a shared responsibility. Protecting boys through vaccination ultimately benefits society as a whole, fostering healthier families and communities.
What are the common HPV-related health conditions seen in boys and men?
HPV can lead to several health issues in boys and men. These include:
- Genital warts: Visible warts or growths in the genital area caused by low-risk HPV types.
- Anal cancer: Often linked to high-risk HPV types, this cancer is more common in men who have sex with men or those with weakened immune systems.
- Oropharyngeal cancers: Affecting the throat, tonsils, and tongue, these cancers are increasingly associated with HPV.
- Penile cancer: Although rare, it is another potential outcome of HPV infection.
Each of these conditions can have serious physical and psychological impacts, further emphasising the need for prevention and awareness.
How is HPV transmitted, and why is it important to address it in both genders?
HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The virus is so common that most sexually active people will contract it at some point in their lives, often without knowing it. HPV can also be passed even when the infected person shows no signs or symptoms. Addressing HPV in both genders is essential because it is a shared issue—both men and women contribute to the transmission cycle. Vaccinating boys as well as girls creates a “herd immunity” effect, reducing the virus’s prevalence in the population and protecting those who are not vaccinated.
Are boys at risk of developing cancers or other complications due to HPV?
Yes, boys are at risk of developing serious health complications from HPV. These include anal cancer, which has been increasingly linked to high-risk HPV strains, and oropharyngeal cancers, which are now some of the most common HPV-related cancers in men. Additionally, genital warts, though not life-threatening, can be distressing and challenging to treat.
