There are many options for treating breast cancer, including breast cancer surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and more. And while treatment is often necessary, research suggests that certain therapies for breast cancer can increase a patient’s risk of heart disease in the future. Let’s look into how breast cancer treatments can affect the cardiovascular system.
What effects can estrogen-based hormone therapy have in women’s cardiovascular systems?
Some tumor growths are dependent on hormones. If your lab results show estrogen-positive (ER+) and progesterone-positive (PR+) tumors, your doctor may recommend hormone therapy as a treatment to prevent the growth, spread, and recurrence of breast cancer. Having ER+ or PR+ tumors means that remaining cancer cells will continue to grow in the presence of these hormones in your body. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) will block your body’s natural production of either estrogen or progesterone to help prevent the growth of ER+ and PR+ tumors.
While previous research has shown that HRT can reduce heart disease in women over 40, new studies suggest that the opposite may be true. Studies on the long-term use of HRT in women indicate that while it might decrease a woman’s susceptibility to osteoporosis later in life, it may also cause a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and other serious health problems.
Currently, the understanding of estrogen-based HRT in the treatment of older women
is still being developed. What we do know is a mix of positive and negative effects. It:
- Relaxes and dilates blood vessels to increase blood flow
- Increases HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol)
- Decreases LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol)
- Helps remove naturally occurring particles in the blood that can harm arteries
- Can promote the growth of blood clots
Is there a link between chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and heart failure?
Recent studies have suggested a link between chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and cardiotoxicity. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are two of the more well-known treatments for cancer. Radiation therapy includes targeted and precise radiation of cancerous areas in the body, and chemotherapy is the use of medication to stop the growth and development of cancer cells. A growing field of research into the long-term effects of cancer treatment is beginning to find a link between chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and congestive heart failure.
With improvements in cancer treatment, cancer patients live longer, giving way to long-term side effects from treatments as they get older. Certain medications used in chemotherapy might contribute to the development of heart failure, also known as cardiotoxicity, in the years after cancer treatment. The use of radiation therapy to treat breast cancer can also increase risks of heart failure due to radiation being directed at cancer growing in the chest area.
Some studies have found that within five years of recovery, heart failure becomes three times more likely in people who received treatment for breast cancer or lymphoma than in people without a history of cancer treatment. Additionally, the age at which you received cancer treatment can increase your likelihood of heart failure even more. People who are treated for breast cancer or lymphoma who are 80 years of age or older have a greater risk of congestive heart failure than those who were treated at a younger age.
Who is at a higher risk of congestive heart failure after breast cancer treatment?
Breast cancer patients who have any of the following risk factors are at an increased risk of congestive heart failure.
- History of smoking
- History of heart failure
- History of diabetes
- An inactive lifestyle
- People who receive treatment for cancer at 80 years of age or older
Our health system has dedicated oncology and cardiology teams who work collaboratively with their patients to provide innovative and personalized care
options. Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center is nationally ranked for cancer care and for
cardiology and heart surgery.
Contact Baylor St Luke’s:
StLukesHealth.org/BSLMCInternational
international@stlukeshealth.org
Tel: +1 832-355-3350
Texas Medical Center
Houston, Texas – U.S.A
